Toyota

The Japanese automobile company was founded in 1935 as a branch of the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works factory dealing with manufacture of textile machine tools. Its head Kiichiro Toyoda, the senior son of the owner of the company Sakichi Toyoda, started manufacture of cars (personal and cargo ones) to the American manner. His slightly changed surname also became the trade mark of the company.

In 1936, the first passenger car Model A1 (subsequently AA) was commissioned into manufacture. Later on, the first export delivery was made: four lorries Model G1 went to Northern China. In 1937, the automobile department was transformed into a separate company, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.

After World War II production of model Toyota Model SA was started in 1947. In the 1950th the company developed several own designs, the model line was extended: the famous off-road car Toyota Land Cruiser appeared. In 1952, the founder of the company, Kiichiro Toyoda, died.

In 1962, Toyota's millionth car was released in Japan. In 1966, Toyota releases model Corolla, which is still successfully manufactured, and in the beginning of the 1980th, production of the Camry model started.

The new models of Toyota, Corsa, Corolla II, 4Runner, were started by the end of the 1980s. One of the main events of this may be can considered the appearance in 1988 of the Lexus trademark, a division of Toyota in the sector of luxury and expensive cars. Already in 1989 were presented and started to be sold out such models as Lexus LS400 and Lexus ES250.

In the 1990th, Toyota makes dealer contracts with Audi and Volkswagen, and in 1995 it signs an agreement of share distribution of production with Hino and Daihatsu. 1990 was marked by opening of an own design center, Tokyo Design Center. In 1992, manufacture of cars on Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd was started. In 1996, the 90-millionth car Toyota was released in Japan. In the same year, Toyota Training Center in Moscow was opened, and manufacture of a four-cycle petrol engine with direct injection of fuel (D-4) was begun.

In 1999, the 100-millionth car Toyota was released in Japan.

In 2002, the factory team of Toyota participated in the world Formula 1 championship. By today, Toyota is one of the largest world's car manufacturers. The Toyota Group includes a range of companies, both for car production, and also engaged in many various areas.

The base model line of nowadays includes the below-mentioned versions:

Toyota Avensis. Avensis embodies all that inspires and is appreciated in design of European cars. The forethought of the interior design is visible in all its nuances. Outlines of the gauge panel smoothly flow into the line of door panels. Racks are upholstered with fabric coinciding with the furnish of the interior. Seats of ergonomic form perfectly support a sitting person, and their high arrangement considerably facilitates getting out of the car. The 1.8-liter engine VVT-i incorporates the smoothly changeable power, and exclusive economy of fuel. Developing the torque of 170 N*m at 4200 rpm and power of 95 kWt (129 h.p.) at 6000 rpm, the engine provides speeding up of the car from zero speed up to 100 km/h for 10.3 seconds and further till the maximal speed of 200 km/h. At that, the fuel expense is 7.2 liters per 100 km. In the 2.0-liter petrol engine, the VVT-i system is supplemented with an advanced system of direct injection of fuel. Such a combined design allows to receive torque of 196 N*m at 4000 rpm, output power of 108 kWt (147 h.p.) at 5700 rpm and to provide the car speed up from zero speed up to 100 km/h for 9.4 seconds and further to the maximal speed of 205 km/h. At that, the fuel expense makes only 8,1 liters per 100 km.

Toyota Camry. The new model of Camry was developed with the purpose of creation of a new standard for sedans of a business class. The combination of dynamical style, comfortable interior and excellent running characteristics transforms control of this car into a sheer pleasure. At the same time, the new Camry is differed by the highest for this class reliability and ecological safety. The car received an advanced power structure of the hull, which allows to lower the impact energy during collisions and reduce vibrations transferred to the interior. The wheelbase was increased, leaving more space for passengers and increasing the directional and roll stability of the car. The new Toyota Camry is produced with two V-shaped and six-cylinder types of engines: a 2.4 liter one and a 3.5 liter one. Preserving the wear resistance, the weight of the engine was reduced by application of light alloys. The system of mounting into the hull was also changed. The car is very economic: with the mechanical gearbox and a 2.4 liter engine, Toyota Camry needs only 9 liters in the city mode, and 7 liters in the country mode to make a hundred of kilometers thanks to the Dual VVT-I system, which varies the fuel consumption depending on the loading.

Toyota Rav4. The new, third generation of off-road cars RAV4 debuted in the autumn 2005. The body is now made with a higher than earlier, level of passive safety counting on getting the maximal mark at tests for shock safety of passengers by the EuroNCAR technique. Depending on safety, RAV4 can have up to 7 airbags and safety curtains. Huge attention was given to transformation of the interior. the same as on models Yaris II, the system Fasy Flat was used for separate mobile back seats.

Toyota Corolla. Depending on the variant chosen by you, the car may be equipped with a three-pin steering wheel fitted by leather, with built in controls of the audiosystem. The inclination and height of the steering column are conveniently adjusted, and the electric amplifier of the steering wheel with a variable coefficient of amplification changes the effort applied to the steering wheel depending on the speed of movement of Corolla. The controls on the steering wheel allow to adjust the audiosystem without changing the position of the hands. The modernized forward and back suspension brackets of Toyota Corolla provide smooth movement of the car under any conditions. The improved design of the forward suspension bracket on racks MacPherson provides magnificent controllability at rectilinear movement, course stability and a good feedback in the mechanism of the steering management. The modern torsion back suspension is equipped with new shock-absorbers and allows the car "to hold" the road better, especially at movement in turns. The design of the forward seats of Toyota Corolla includes means for protection against damage at a sharp deviation of the head back at impacts of the car: the top part of the back of the seat serves as a support for the top site of the back part of the person sitting in it, and the headrest limits the movement of the head back. Such a design reduces the risk of damaging of the neck because of sharp movements of the head back at impacts on small speed.

Toyota Land Cruiser 100. The last generation of the well-known off-road car is still made in Japan and continues the famous traditions of the company. Land Cruiser will help you to overcome the most difficult roads by means of a constant full drive. The constant full drive provides exclusive traction effort to any type of a road covering. For elimination of the difference of the speed of rotation of forward and back wheels at movement in turns the interaxal differential is used to provide excellent controllability of the car. The suspension of Land Cruiser provides delightful controllability, stability and comfort at movement both on roads, and when off-roading. The forward suspension bracket of models GX and STD is differed by high road performance and big power consumption, and model VX has an independent long-course suspension bracket with double cross-section levers and a lower torsion. The back suspension bracket of all the models has longitudinal levers and spiral springs, owing to which excellent controllability and smoothness of course on any type of roads is achieved.